');--grs:50px;--gtaos:105px;--gtaosi:-105px;--gtaof:210px;--gbes:calc(100% + 105px);--gbef:calc(100% + 210px);--gbet:translateX(-105px);--gbeti:translateX(105px);--vgc:repeat(12, 1fr);--gc1:repeat(12, 1fr);--gc2:repeat(6, 1fr);--gc3:repeat(4, 1fr);--gc3h:1/4;--gc4:repeat(3, 1fr);--gcm:8.333%;--gac:1fr;--gcw50:50%;--gc2tp:0 calc(var(--grs) * 2) 0 0;--gc2sw:var(--gbes);--gc2slpl:0 0 0 105px;--gc2srpf:0 105px 0 0;--gc2sof:1;--gc2sol:2;--gc50:4/span 6;--gc48a:1/5;--gc48b:5/-1;--gc84a:1/9;--gc84b:9/-1;--gc39a:1/4;--gc39b:4/-1;--gc93a:1/10;--gc93b:10/-1;--gc615a:1/7;--gc615b:8/-1;--gc516a:1/6;--gc516b:7/-1;--tppr:0;--bgp:42px;--s_cn:0;--s_ces:4px;--s_cest:4px 4px 0 0;--s_cesb:0 0 4px 4px;--s_cs:8px;--s_cm:12px;--s_cl:16px;--s_cls:16px 0 0 16px;--s_cle:0 16px 16px 0;--s_clt:16px 16px 0 0;--s_cel:28px;--s_celt:28px 28px 0 0;--s_cf:50%;--m_ds1:50ms;--m_ds2:100ms;--m_ds3:150ms;--m_ds4:200ms;--m_dm1:250ms;--m_dm2:300ms;--m_dm3:350ms;--m_dm4:400ms;--m_dl1:450ms;--m_dl2:500ms;--m_dl3:550ms;--m_dl4:600ms;--m_de1:700ms;--m_de2:800ms;--m_de3:900ms;--m_de4:1000ms;--m_el:0,0,1,1;--m_es:0.2,0,0,1;--m_esa:0.3,0,1,1;--m_esd:0,0,0,1;--m_ee:0.2,0,0,1;--m_eea:0.3,0,0.8,0.15;--m_eed:0.05,0.7,0.1,1;--m_elg:0.4,0,0.2,1;--m_elga:0.4,0,1,1;--m_elgd:0,0,0.2,1;--cc_w:255,255,255;--cc_b:0,0,0;--c_p:1,31,48;--c_op:255,255,255;--c_pc:203,230,253;--c_opc:1,31,48;--c_s:67,81,200;--c_os:255,255,255;--c_sc:223,224,255;--c_osc:0,9,101;--c_t:83,97,98;--c_ot:255,255,255;--c_tc:215,229,230;--c_otc:17,30,31;--c_e:179,38,30;--c_oe:255,255,255;--c_ec:249,222,220;--c_oec:65,14,11;--c_co:109,123,124;--c_b:255,255,255;--c_ob:17,30,32;--c_su:249,249,249;--c_osu:17,30,32;--c_suv:215,229,230;--c_osuv:60,73,74;--c_is:38,51,53;--c_iso:239,241,242;--c_ip:175,202,224;--c_sh:0,0,0;--c_st:1,31,48;--c_cov:187,201,202;--c_scr:0,0,0;--c_suchs:225,234,236;--c_such:231,239,241;--c_suc:245,245,245;--c_sucl:249,249,249;--c_scls:255,255,255;--c_sub:249,249,249;--c_sud:209,220,222}:root ::-webkit-scrollbar,:root ::-webkit-scrollbar-corner{background:0 0;width:9pt;height:9pt}:root ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{background:content-box rgb(var(--c_cov));border:2px solid transparent;border-radius:8px;color:rgb(var(--c_cov));min-height:3pc;min-width:3pc}:root ::-webkit-scrollbar-button{height:0;width:0}body,frameset{padding:0;margin:0;color:rgb(var(--c_ob));background:rgb(var(--c_b));font-family:var(--t_bmf);font-size:var(--t_bms);line-height:var(--t_bmlh);font-weight:var(--t_bmw);letter-spacing:var(--t_bmt)}body{--space_nav_top:0px;--space_nav_bottom:0px;--space_nav_left:0px;--space_nav_right:0px;--DCV:0px;--C_S:visible;overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:var(--C_S)}footer,header{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start}score-pointer{z-index:11000}addium-header .main *,addium-menu-footer p,addium-menu-footer p *,score-text *{-webkit-user-select:text!important;-moz-user-select:text!important;user-select:text!important}:root{--t_dlf:var(--t_tb);--t_dllh:68px;--t_dls:63px;--t_dlt:-0.5px;--t_dlw:400;--t_dmf:var(--t_tb);--t_dmlh:42px;--t_dms:35px;--t_dmt:0.25px;--t_dmw:400;--t_hlf:var(--t_tp);--t_hllh:42px;--t_hls:35px;--t_hlt:0.25px;--t_hlw:400;--t_hmf:var(--t_tp);--t_hmlh:27px;--t_hms:21px;--t_hmt:0.25px;--t_hmw:400;--t_tlf:var(--t_tm);--t_tllh:24px;--t_tls:16px;--t_tlt:0.15px;--t_tlw:500;--t_tmf:var(--t_tm);--t_tmlh:normal;--t_tms:13px;--t_tmt:0.45px;--t_tmw:500;--t_llf:var(--t_tp);--t_lllh:16px;--t_lls:12px;--t_llt:0.5px;--t_llw:500;--t_lmf:var(--t_tp);--t_lmlh:16px;--t_lms:11px;--t_lmt:0.5px;--t_lmw:500;--t_blf:var(--t_tp);--t_bllh:30px;--t_bls:21px;--t_blt:0.1px;--t_blw:400;--t_bmf:var(--t_tp);--t_bmlh:24px;--t_bms:17px;--t_bmt:0.1px;--t_bmw:400;--grs:50px;--gtaos:105px;--gtaosi:-105px;--gtaof:210px;--gbes:calc(100% + 105px);--gbef:calc(100% + 210px);--gbet:translateX(-105px);--gbeti:translateX(105px);--vgc:repeat(4, 1fr);--gc1:1fr;--gc2:1fr;--gc3:1fr;--gc3h:1/-1;--gc4:1fr 1fr;--gc5:1fr;--gcm:8.333%;--gac:auto;--gcw50:100%;--gc2tp:0;--gc2sw:100%;--gc2slpl:calc(var(--grs) / 2) 0;--gc2srpf:calc(var(--grs) / 2) 0;--gc2sof:2;--gc2sol:1;--gc50:1/-1;--gc48a:1/-1;--gc48b:1/-1;--gc84a:1/-1;--gc84b:1/-1;--gc39a:1/-1;--gc39b:1/-1;--gc93a:1/-1;--gc93b:1/-1;--gc615a:1/-1;--gc615b:1/-1;--gc516a:1/-1;--gc516b:1/-1;--bgp:18px}main{width:100%}addium-header score-form[type="0"] score-input-container.col-1,addium-header score-form[type="0"] score-input-container.col-2,addium-header score-form[type="0"] score-input-container.col-3,addium-header score-form[type="0"] score-input-container.col-4,addium-header score-form[type="0"] score-input-container.col-5,addium-header score-form[type="1"] score-input-container.col-1,addium-header score-form[type="1"] score-input-container.col-2,addium-header score-form[type="1"] score-input-container.col-3,addium-header score-form[type="1"] score-input-container.col-4,addium-header score-form[type="1"] score-input-container.col-5,addium-header score-form[type="2"] score-input-container.col-1,addium-header score-form[type="2"] score-input-container.col-2,addium-header score-form[type="2"] score-input-container.col-3,addium-header score-form[type="2"] score-input-container.col-4,addium-header score-form[type="2"] score-input-container.col-5,addium-header score-form[type="3"] score-input-container.col-1,addium-header score-form[type="3"] score-input-container.col-2,addium-header score-form[type="3"] score-input-container.col-3,addium-header score-form[type="3"] score-input-container.col-4,addium-header score-form[type="3"] score-input-container.col-5,score-banner-element section p,score-dialog-element fieldset,score-dialog-element section p,score-input-container.col-1 score-input,score-input-container.col-2 score-input,score-input-container.col-3 score-input,score-input-container.col-4 score-input,score-input-container.col-5 score-input,score-input.DLX input,score-input.DLY input,score-input.DLZ input,score-input.DL_ input,score-input.DMC input,score-input.DME input,score-install section p,score-loader section p,score-push-notification section p,score-sidesheet-drawer section p{margin:0}addium-header score-form label,score-input.hidden,score-select.hidden,score-textarea.hidden{display:none!important}addium-header[type="0"] figure,addium-header[type="1"] figure,score-form[type="6"],score-form[type="7"]{padding:0}addium-header{--hm:-54px;--hp:6px;--hw:calc(100% + 108px);--hmm:108px;--hmw:calc(100% - var(--hmm));--h1mw:725px;view-transition-name:header;display:grid;grid-template-columns:var(--vgc);grid-column:1/-1;width:100%}addium-header.inverted,addium-header[type="0"],score-text.inverted{--cc_w:255,255,255;--cc_b:0,0,0;--c_p:223,224,255;--c_op:24,51,69;--c_pc:48,74,92;--c_opc:203,230,253;--c_s:189,194,255;--c_os:5,23,154;--c_sc:40,54,175;--c_osc:223,224,255;--c_t:187,201,202;--c_ot:38,51,52;--c_tc:60,73,74;--c_otc:215,229,230;--c_e:242,184,181;--c_oe:96,20,16;--c_ec:140,29,24;--c_oec:249,222,220;--c_co:133,147,148;--c_b:0,0,0;--c_ob:219,228,230;--c_su:8,21,24;--c_osu:219,228,230;--c_suv:60,73,74;--c_osuv:187,201,202;--c_is:219,228,230;--c_iso:38,51,53;--c_ip:72,97,117;--c_sh:0,0,0;--c_st:223,224,255;--c_cov:60,73,74;--c_scr:0,0,0;--c_suchs:42,55,57;--c_such:31,44,47;--c_suc:21,34,36;--c_sucl:17,30,32;--c_scls:4,16,18;--c_sub:46,59,62;--c_sud:8,21,24;--CD:var(--c_osu);--CD_variant:var(--c_osuv)}addium-header score-form{width:auto;max-width:450px;padding:28px 0!important}addium-header score-form score-input input{--cw:0!important}addium-header score-form[type="0"] .DLW,addium-header score-form[type="1"] .DLW,addium-header score-form[type="2"] .DLW,addium-header score-form[type="3"] .DLW,score-text td p,score-text th p{margin:0!important}addium-header score-form[type="6"],addium-header score-form[type="7"]{max-width:350px}addium-header[type="0"] .graphics3d,addium-header[type="0"] .score_media_element,addium-header[type="0"] figure,addium-header[type="1"] .graphics3d,addium-header[type="1"] .score_media_element,addium-header[type="1"] figure,addium-header[type="2"] .graphics3d,addium-header[type="2"] .score_media_element,addium-header[type="2"] figure,addium-header[type="3"] .graphics3d,addium-header[type="3"] .score_media_element,addium-header[type="3"] figure,score-teaser.IK .score_media_element{z-index:0}addium-header[type="0"] .main,addium-header[type="1"] .main,addium-header[type="2"] .main,addium-header[type="3"] .main{z-index:1;flex-direction:column}addium-header[type="0"] .main h1,addium-header[type="1"] .main h1,addium-header[type="2"] .main h1,addium-header[type="3"] .main h1{font-family:var(--t_dmf);font-size:var(--t_dms);line-height:var(--t_dmlh);font-weight:var(--t_dmw);letter-spacing:var(--t_dmt);max-width:var(--h1mw)}addium-header[type="0"],addium-header[type="1"]{grid-template-rows:repeat(6,1fr);margin:var(--hm) 0 0 var(--hm);width:var(--hw)}addium-header[type="0"] .graphics3d,addium-header[type="0"] .score_media_element,addium-header[type="0"] figure,addium-header[type="1"] .graphics3d,addium-header[type="1"] .score_media_element,addium-header[type="1"] figure{grid-area:1/1/-1/-1;margin:0;width:100%}addium-header[type="0"] .main,addium-header[type="1"] .main{display:block;grid-column:1/-1;padding:var(--hp)}addium-header[type="0"] .main{grid-row:3/-1;width:var(--hmw);margin:0 var(--hmm)}addium-header[type="1"]{width:100%;height:calc(-92px + 100vh);min-height:min-content;max-height:40pc;margin:0;padding:0}addium-header[type="1"] .main{grid-row:1/-1;align-self:center;padding:0 6px}addium-header[type="1"]>.graphics3d,addium-header[type="1"]>.score_media_element,addium-header[type="1"]>figure{left:50%}addium-header[type="1"]>.graphics3d>.graphics3d,addium-header[type="1"]>.graphics3d>.score_media_element,addium-header[type="1"]>.graphics3d>canvas,addium-header[type="1"]>.graphics3d>figure,addium-header[type="1"]>.graphics3d>picture,addium-header[type="1"]>.graphics3d>video,addium-header[type="1"]>.score_media_element>.graphics3d,addium-header[type="1"]>.score_media_element>.score_media_element,addium-header[type="1"]>.score_media_element>canvas,addium-header[type="1"]>.score_media_element>figure,addium-header[type="1"]>.score_media_element>picture,addium-header[type="1"]>.score_media_element>video,addium-header[type="1"]>figure>.graphics3d,addium-header[type="1"]>figure>.score_media_element,addium-header[type="1"]>figure>canvas,addium-header[type="1"]>figure>figure,addium-header[type="1"]>figure>picture,addium-header[type="1"]>figure>video{width:100vw;transform:translateX(-50%)}addium-header[type="1"]>.graphics3d img,addium-header[type="1"]>.graphics3d score-video,addium-header[type="1"]>.graphics3d svg,addium-header[type="1"]>.graphics3d video,addium-header[type="1"]>.score_media_element img,addium-header[type="1"]>.score_media_element score-video,addium-header[type="1"]>.score_media_element svg,addium-header[type="1"]>.score_media_element video,addium-header[type="1"]>figure img,addium-header[type="1"]>figure score-video,addium-header[type="1"]>figure svg,addium-header[type="1"]>figure video{object-fit:cover;height:calc(-92px + 100vh);max-height:40pc}addium-header[type="2"] .main,addium-header[type="3"] .main{display:block;grid-row:1/span 2}addium-header[type="2"] .main{margin:3pc 6px;width:calc(100% - 12px);grid-column:1/-1}addium-header[type="2"] .graphics3d,addium-header[type="2"] .score_media_element,addium-header[type="2"] figure{margin:0;width:calc(100% - 12px);display:block;grid-column:1/-1;grid-row-end:span 6;padding:0!important}addium-header[type="2"]+score-video-external{margin:-9pt;width:calc(100% + 24px);grid-column:1/-1}addium-header[type="3"] .main{grid-column:1/7;height:min-content;align-self:center;margin:0 6px;width:calc(100% - 12px)}addium-header[type="3"] .graphics3d,addium-header[type="3"] .score_media_element,addium-header[type="3"] figure{grid-column:7/-1}:root{--sv:visible;--tti:translate(0, 0);--ttc:translate(-50%, -50%);--ttcx:translate(-50%, 0);--ttcy:translate(0, -50%);--ttvx:translateX(-50vw);--ttl:translate(-100%, 0);--ttr:translate(100%, 0);--ttt:translate(0, -100%);--ttb:translate(0, 100%);--tra:rotate(45deg);--trb:rotate(-45deg);--trc:rotate(90deg);--trd:rotate(-90deg);--tsa:scaleX(0);--tsb:scaleX(1);--tsc:scaleY(0);--tsd:scaleY(1);--bxa:0 2px 4px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12),0 4px 5px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14);--ba:1px solid var(--cb);--bb:1px solid var(--cw);--bc:1px solid var(--cg1);--bd:1px solid var(--cg2);--be:1px solid var(--cg4);--c_st0:0;--c_st1:0.05;--c_st2:0.08;--c_st3:0.11;--c_st4:0.12;--c_st5:0.15;--c_bs0:drop-shadow(0px 0px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2)) drop-shadow(0px 0px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14)) drop-shadow(0px 0px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12));--c_bs1:drop-shadow(0px 2px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2)) drop-shadow(0px 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14)) drop-shadow(0px 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12));--c_bs2:drop-shadow(0px 3px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2)) drop-shadow(0px 3px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14)) drop-shadow(0px 1px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12));--c_bs3:drop-shadow(0px 3px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2)) drop-shadow(0px 6px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14)) drop-shadow(0px 1px 18px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12));--c_bs4:drop-shadow(0px 5px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2)) drop-shadow(0px 8px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14)) drop-shadow(0px 3px 14px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12));--c_bs5:drop-shadow(0px 7px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2)) drop-shadow(0px 12px 17px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14)) drop-shadow(0px 5px 22px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12));--s_dec1:1;--s_dec2:1;--s_dc1:0.12;--s_dc2:0.38;--s_de:0;--s_ho:0.08;--s_fo:0.12;--s_po:0.12;--s_do:0.16;--s_scr:0.5;--g_l0:linear-gradient(to top, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 0, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) 100%);--g_l0i:linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 0, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) 100%);--g_l1:linear-gradient(to top, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 0, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 50%);--g_l1i:linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 0, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 50%);--g_l2:linear-gradient(to top, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.66) 0, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.33) 50%);--g_l2i:linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.66) 0, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.33) 50%);--gx_l0:linear-gradient(to right, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 0, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) 100%);--gx_l0i:linear-gradient(to left, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 0, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) 100%);--gx_l1:linear-gradient(to right, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 0, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 50%);--gx_l1i:linear-gradient(to left, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 0, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 50%);--gx_l2:linear-gradient(to right, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.66) 0, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.33) 50%);--gx_l2i:linear-gradient(to left, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.66) 0, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.33) 50%);--g_n0:linear-gradient(to top, rgba(var(--c_suc), 0.5) 0, rgba(var(--c_suc), 0.15) 100%);--g_n0i:linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(var(--c_suc), 0.5) 0, rgba(var(--c_suc), 0.15) 100%);--g_n1:linear-gradient(to top, rgba(var(--c_suc), 0.5) 0, rgba(var(--c_suc), 0) 50%);--g_n1i:linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(var(--c_suc), 0.5) 0, rgba(var(--c_suc), 0) 50%);--g_n2:linear-gradient(to top, rgba(var(--c_suc), 0.66) 0, rgba(var(--c_suc), 0.33) 50%);--g_n2i:linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(var(--c_suc), 0.66) 0, rgba(var(--c_suc), 0.33) 50%);--gx_n0:linear-gradient(to right, rgba(var(--c_suc), 0.5) 0, rgba(var(--c_suc), 0.15) 100%);--gx_n0i:linear-gradient(to left, rgba(var(--c_suc), 0.5) 0, rgba(var(--c_suc), 0.15) 100%);--gx_n1:linear-gradient(to right, rgba(var(--c_suc), 0.5) 0, rgba(var(--c_suc), 0) 50%);--gx_n1i:linear-gradient(to left, rgba(var(--c_suc), 0.5) 0, rgba(var(--c_suc), 0) 50%);--gx_n2:linear-gradient(to right, rgba(var(--c_suc), 0.66) 0, rgba(var(--c_suc), 0.33) 50%);--gx_n2i:linear-gradient(to left, rgba(var(--c_suc), 0.66) 0, rgba(var(--c_suc), 0.33) 50%);--g_p0:linear-gradient(to top, rgba(var(--c_pc), 0.5) 0, rgba(var(--c_pc), 0.15) 100%);--g_p0i:linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(var(--c_pc), 0.5) 0, rgba(var(--c_pc), 0.15) 100%);--g_p1:linear-gradient(to top, rgba(var(--c_pc), 0.5) 0, rgba(var(--c_pc), 0) 50%);--g_p1i:linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(var(--c_pc), 0.5) 0, rgba(var(--c_pc), 0) 50%);--g_p2:linear-gradient(to top, rgba(var(--c_pc), 0.66) 0, rgba(var(--c_pc), 0.33) 50%);--g_p2i:linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(var(--c_pc), 0.66) 0, rgba(var(--c_pc), 0.33) 50%);--gx_p0:linear-gradient(to right, rgba(var(--c_pc), 0.5) 0, rgba(var(--c_pc), 0.15) 100%);--gx_p0i:linear-gradient(to left, rgba(var(--c_pc), 0.5) 0, rgba(var(--c_pc), 0.15) 100%);--gx_p1:linear-gradient(to right, rgba(var(--c_pc), 0.5) 0, rgba(var(--c_pc), 0) 50%);--gx_p1i:linear-gradient(to left, rgba(var(--c_pc), 0.5) 0, rgba(var(--c_pc), 0) 50%);--gx_p2:linear-gradient(to right, rgba(var(--c_pc), 0.66) 0, rgba(var(--c_pc), 0.33) 50%);--gx_p2i:linear-gradient(to left, rgba(var(--c_pc), 0.66) 0, rgba(var(--c_pc), 0.33) 50%);--g_s0:linear-gradient(to top, rgba(var(--c_sc), 0.5) 0, rgba(var(--c_sc), 0.15) 100%);--g_s0i:linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(var(--c_sc), 0.5) 0, rgba(var(--c_sc), 0.15) 100%);--g_s1:linear-gradient(to top, rgba(var(--c_sc), 0.5) 0, rgba(var(--c_sc), 0) 50%);--g_s1i:linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(var(--c_sc), 0.5) 0, rgba(var(--c_sc), 0) 50%);--g_s2:linear-gradient(to top, rgba(var(--c_sc), 0.66) 0, rgba(var(--c_sc), 0.33) 50%);--g_s2i:linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(var(--c_sc), 0.66) 0, rgba(var(--c_sc), 0.33) 50%);--gx_s0:linear-gradient(to right, rgba(var(--c_sc), 0.5) 0, rgba(var(--c_sc), 0.15) 100%);--gx_s0i:linear-gradient(to left, rgba(var(--c_sc), 0.5) 0, rgba(var(--c_sc), 0.15) 100%);--gx_s1:linear-gradient(to right, rgba(var(--c_sc), 0.5) 0, rgba(var(--c_sc), 0) 50%);--gx_s1i:linear-gradient(to left, rgba(var(--c_sc), 0.5) 0, rgba(var(--c_sc), 0) 50%);--gx_s2:linear-gradient(to right, rgba(var(--c_sc), 0.66) 0, rgba(var(--c_sc), 0.33) 50%);--gx_s2i:linear-gradient(to left, rgba(var(--c_sc), 0.66) 0, rgba(var(--c_sc), 0.33) 50%);--g_t0:linear-gradient(to top, rgba(var(--c_tc), 0.5) 0, rgba(var(--c_tc), 0.15) 100%);--g_t0i:linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(var(--c_tc), 0.5) 0, rgba(var(--c_tc), 0.15) 100%);--g_t1:linear-gradient(to top, rgba(var(--c_tc), 0.5) 0, rgba(var(--c_tc), 0) 50%);--g_t1i:linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(var(--c_tc), 0.5) 0, rgba(var(--c_tc), 0) 50%);--g_t2:linear-gradient(to top, rgba(var(--c_tc), 0.66) 0, rgba(var(--c_tc), 0.33) 50%);--g_t2i:linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(var(--c_tc), 0.66) 0, rgba(var(--c_tc), 0.33) 50%);--gx_t0:linear-gradient(to right, rgba(var(--c_tc), 0.5) 0, rgba(var(--c_tc), 0.15) 100%);--gx_t0i:linear-gradient(to left, rgba(var(--c_tc), 0.5) 0, rgba(var(--c_tc), 0.15) 100%);--gx_t1:linear-gradient(to right, rgba(var(--c_tc), 0.5) 0, rgba(var(--c_tc), 0) 50%);--gx_t1i:linear-gradient(to left, rgba(var(--c_tc), 0.5) 0, rgba(var(--c_tc), 0) 50%);--gx_t2:linear-gradient(to right, rgba(var(--c_tc), 0.66) 0, rgba(var(--c_tc), 0.33) 50%);--gx_t2i:linear-gradient(to left, rgba(var(--c_tc), 0.66) 0, rgba(var(--c_tc), 0.33) 50%);--t_tb:AddiumSerif;--t_tp:AddiumSans;--t_tm:AddiumMono;--t_dlf:var(--t_tb);--t_dllh:136px;--t_dls:126px;--t_dlt:-1px;--t_dlw:400;--t_dmf:var(--t_tb);--t_dmlh:68px;--t_dms:63px;--t_dmt:-0.5px;--t_dmw:400;--t_dsf:var(--t_tb);--t_dslh:42px;--t_dss:35px;--t_dst:0.25px;--t_dsw:400;--t_hlf:var(--t_tp);--t_hllh:68px;--t_hls:63px;--t_hlt:-0.5px;--t_hlw:400;--t_hmf:var(--t_tp);--t_hmlh:42px;--t_hms:35px;--t_hmt:0.25px;--t_hmw:400;--t_hsf:var(--t_tp);--t_hslh:27px;--t_hss:21px;--t_hst:0.25px;--t_hsw:400;--t_tlf:var(--t_tm);--t_tllh:28px;--t_tls:22px;--t_tlt:0;--t_tlw:400;--t_tmf:var(--t_tm);--t_tmlh:24px;--t_tms:16px;--t_tmt:0.15px;--t_tmw:500;--t_tsf:var(--t_tm);--t_tslh:normal;--t_tss:13px;--t_tst:0.45px;--t_tsw:500;--t_llf:var(--t_tp);--t_lllh:20px;--t_lls:14px;--t_llt:0.1px;--t_llw:500;--t_lmf:var(--t_tp);--t_lmlh:16px;--t_lms:12px;--t_lmt:0.5px;--t_lmw:500;--t_lsf:var(--t_tp);--t_lslh:16px;--t_lss:11px;--t_lst:0.5px;--t_lsw:500;--t_blf:var(--t_tp);--t_bllh:34px;--t_bls:24px;--t_blt:0;--t_blw:400;--t_bmf:var(--t_tp);--t_bmlh:30px;--t_bms:21px;--t_bmt:0.1px;--t_bmw:400;--t_bsf:var(--t_tp);--t_bslh:24px;--t_bss:17px;--t_bst:0.1px;--t_bsw:400;--i_s1:svg-url('');--grs:50px;--gtaos:105px;--gtaosi:-105px;--gtaof:210px;--gbes:calc(100% + 105px);--gbef:calc(100% + 210px);--gbet:translateX(-105px);--gbeti:translateX(105px);--vgc:repeat(12, 1fr);--gc1:repeat(12, 1fr);--gc2:repeat(6, 1fr);--gc3:repeat(4, 1fr);--gc3h:1/4;--gc4:repeat(3, 1fr);--gcm:8.333%;--gac:1fr;--gcw50:50%;--gc2tp:0 calc(var(--grs) * 2) 0 0;--gc2sw:var(--gbes);--gc2slpl:0 0 0 105px;--gc2srpf:0 105px 0 0;--gc2sof:1;--gc2sol:2;--gc50:4/span 6;--gc48a:1/5;--gc48b:5/-1;--gc84a:1/9;--gc84b:9/-1;--gc39a:1/4;--gc39b:4/-1;--gc93a:1/10;--gc93b:10/-1;--gc615a:1/7;--gc615b:8/-1;--gc516a:1/6;--gc516b:7/-1;--tppr:0;--bgp:42px;--s_cn:0;--s_ces:4px;--s_cest:4px 4px 0 0;--s_cesb:0 0 4px 4px;--s_cs:8px;--s_cm:12px;--s_cl:16px;--s_cls:16px 0 0 16px;--s_cle:0 16px 16px 0;--s_clt:16px 16px 0 0;--s_cel:28px;--s_celt:28px 28px 0 0;--s_cf:50%;--m_ds1:50ms;--m_ds2:100ms;--m_ds3:150ms;--m_ds4:200ms;--m_dm1:250ms;--m_dm2:300ms;--m_dm3:350ms;--m_dm4:400ms;--m_dl1:450ms;--m_dl2:500ms;--m_dl3:550ms;--m_dl4:600ms;--m_de1:700ms;--m_de2:800ms;--m_de3:900ms;--m_de4:1000ms;--m_el:0,0,1,1;--m_es:0.2,0,0,1;--m_esa:0.3,0,1,1;--m_esd:0,0,0,1;--m_ee:0.2,0,0,1;--m_eea:0.3,0,0.8,0.15;--m_eed:0.05,0.7,0.1,1;--m_elg:0.4,0,0.2,1;--m_elga:0.4,0,1,1;--m_elgd:0,0,0.2,1;--cc_w:255,255,255;--cc_b:0,0,0;--c_p:1,31,48;--c_op:255,255,255;--c_pc:203,230,253;--c_opc:1,31,48;--c_s:67,81,200;--c_os:255,255,255;--c_sc:223,224,255;--c_osc:0,9,101;--c_t:83,97,98;--c_ot:255,255,255;--c_tc:215,229,230;--c_otc:17,30,31;--c_e:179,38,30;--c_oe:255,255,255;--c_ec:249,222,220;--c_oec:65,14,11;--c_co:109,123,124;--c_b:255,255,255;--c_ob:17,30,32;--c_su:249,249,249;--c_osu:17,30,32;--c_suv:215,229,230;--c_osuv:60,73,74;--c_is:38,51,53;--c_iso:239,241,242;--c_ip:175,202,224;--c_sh:0,0,0;--c_st:1,31,48;--c_cov:187,201,202;--c_scr:0,0,0;--c_suchs:225,234,236;--c_such:231,239,241;--c_suc:245,245,245;--c_sucl:249,249,249;--c_scls:255,255,255;--c_sub:249,249,249;--c_sud:209,220,222}:root::-webkit-scrollbar,:root::-webkit-scrollbar-corner{background:0 0;width:9pt;height:9pt}:root::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{background:content-box rgb(var(--c_cov));border:2px solid transparent;border-radius:8px;color:rgb(var(--c_cov));min-height:3pc;min-width:3pc}:root::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:active{color:rgb(var(--c_osuv))}:root::-webkit-scrollbar-button{height:0;width:0}:root:hover::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{color:rgb(var(--c_co))}addium-header .main *,addium-menu-footer p,addium-menu-footer p *,score-text *{user-select:text!important}@media (max-width:599px){addium-header{--hm:-18px;--hp:0;--hw:calc(100% + 36px);--hmm:24px;--hmw:calc(100% - 48px);--h1mw:500px}addium-header[type="0"]{margin:-36px 0 0 var(--hm)}addium-header[type="0"] .graphics3d,addium-header[type="0"] .score_media_element,addium-header[type="2"] .graphics3d,addium-header[type="2"] .score_media_element,addium-header[type="2"] figure,addium-header[type="2"]+score-video-external,addium-header[type="3"] .graphics3d,addium-header[type="3"] .score_media_element,addium-header[type="3"] figure,addium-header[type="3"]+score-video-external{grid-column:1/-1;margin:0;width:100%}addium-header[type="0"] .graphics3d figure,addium-header[type="0"] .score_media_element figure{padding:0}addium-header[type="0"] .main{display:block;grid-area:2/1/-1/-1}addium-header[type="0"] .main h1{font-family:var(--t_dsf);font-size:var(--t_dss);line-height:var(--t_dslh);font-weight:var(--t_dsw);letter-spacing:var(--t_dst)}addium-header[type="2"],addium-header[type="3"]{margin:24px 0 0}addium-header[type="2"] .main,addium-header[type="3"] .main{margin:6px 6px 24px;width:calc(100% - 12px);grid-column:1/-1!important}}@media (min-width:600px) and (max-width:839px){addium-header{--hm:-18px;--hp:0;--hw:calc(100% + 36px);--hmm:24px;--hmw:calc(100% - 48px);--h1mw:500px}addium-header[type="0"]{margin:-36px 0 0 var(--hm)}addium-header[type="0"] .main{display:block;grid-column:1/-1}addium-header[type="0"] .main h1{font-family:var(--t_dsf);font-size:var(--t_dss);line-height:var(--t_dslh);font-weight:var(--t_dsw);letter-spacing:var(--t_dst)}addium-header[type="2"] .main,addium-header[type="3"] .main{margin:18px;width:calc(100% - 12px);grid-column:1/-1}addium-header[type="2"] .graphics3d,addium-header[type="2"] .score_media_element,addium-header[type="2"] figure,addium-header[type="3"] .graphics3d,addium-header[type="3"] .score_media_element,addium-header[type="3"] figure{margin:6px 0 2pc;width:100%;grid-column:1/-1}}@media (min-width:840px) and (max-width:1439px){addium-header[type="3"] .main h1{font-family:var(--t_dsf);font-size:var(--t_dss);line-height:var(--t_dslh);font-weight:var(--t_dsw);letter-spacing:var(--t_dst)}}@media (max-width:599px){:root{--t_dlf:var(--t_tb);--t_dllh:68px;--t_dls:63px;--t_dlt:-0.5px;--t_dlw:400;--t_dmf:var(--t_tb);--t_dmlh:42px;--t_dms:35px;--t_dmt:0.25px;--t_dmw:400;--t_hlf:var(--t_tp);--t_hllh:42px;--t_hls:35px;--t_hlt:0.25px;--t_hlw:400;--t_hmf:var(--t_tp);--t_hmlh:27px;--t_hms:21px;--t_hmt:0.25px;--t_hmw:400;--t_tlf:var(--t_tm);--t_tllh:24px;--t_tls:16px;--t_tlt:0.15px;--t_tlw:500;--t_tmf:var(--t_tm);--t_tmlh:normal;--t_tms:13px;--t_tmt:0.45px;--t_tmw:500;--t_llf:var(--t_tp);--t_lllh:16px;--t_lls:12px;--t_llt:0.5px;--t_llw:500;--t_lmf:var(--t_tp);--t_lmlh:16px;--t_lms:11px;--t_lmt:0.5px;--t_lmw:500;--t_blf:var(--t_tp);--t_bllh:30px;--t_bls:21px;--t_blt:0.1px;--t_blw:400;--t_bmf:var(--t_tp);--t_bmlh:24px;--t_bms:17px;--t_bmt:0.1px;--t_bmw:400;--grs:50px;--gtaos:105px;--gtaosi:-105px;--gtaof:210px;--gbes:calc(100% + 105px);--gbef:calc(100% + 210px);--gbet:translateX(-105px);--gbeti:translateX(105px);--vgc:repeat(4, 1fr);--gc1:1fr;--gc2:1fr;--gc3:1fr;--gc3h:1/-1;--gc4:1fr 1fr;--gc5:1fr;--gcm:8.333%;--gac:auto;--gcw50:100%;--gc2tp:0;--gc2sw:100%;--gc2slpl:calc(var(--grs) / 2) 0;--gc2srpf:calc(var(--grs) / 2) 0;--gc2sof:2;--gc2sol:1;--gc50:1/-1;--gc48a:1/-1;--gc48b:1/-1;--gc84a:1/-1;--gc84b:1/-1;--gc39a:1/-1;--gc39b:1/-1;--gc93a:1/-1;--gc93b:1/-1;--gc615a:1/-1;--gc615b:1/-1;--gc516a:1/-1;--gc516b:1/-1;--bgp:18px}}@media (min-width:600px) and (max-width:839px){:root{--t_dlf:var(--t_tb);--t_dllh:68px;--t_dls:63px;--t_dlt:-0.5px;--t_dlw:400;--t_dmf:var(--t_tb);--t_dmlh:42px;--t_dms:35px;--t_dmt:0.25px;--t_dmw:400;--t_hlf:var(--t_tp);--t_hllh:42px;--t_hls:35px;--t_hlt:0.25px;--t_hlw:400;--t_hmf:var(--t_tp);--t_hmlh:27px;--t_hms:21px;--t_hmt:0.25px;--t_hmw:400;--t_tlf:var(--t_tm);--t_tllh:24px;--t_tls:16px;--t_tlt:0.15px;--t_tlw:500;--t_tmf:var(--t_tm);--t_tmlh:normal;--t_tms:13px;--t_tmt:0.45px;--t_tmw:500;--t_llf:var(--t_tp);--t_lllh:16px;--t_lls:12px;--t_llt:0.5px;--t_llw:500;--t_lmf:var(--t_tp);--t_lmlh:16px;--t_lms:11px;--t_lmt:0.5px;--t_lmw:500;--t_blf:var(--t_tp);--t_bllh:30px;--t_bls:21px;--t_blt:0.1px;--t_blw:400;--t_bmf:var(--t_tp);--t_bmlh:24px;--t_bms:17px;--t_bmt:0.1px;--t_bmw:400;--grs:50px;--gtaos:105px;--gtaosi:-105px;--gtaof:210px;--gbes:calc(100% + 105px);--gbef:calc(100% + 210px);--gbet:translateX(-105px);--gbeti:translateX(105px);--vgc:repeat(6, 1fr);--gc1:repeat(6, 1fr);--gc2:repeat(3, 1fr);--gc3:1fr 1fr;--gcm:8.333%;--gcw50:100%;--gc2tp:0 var(--grs) 0 0;--gc2sw:calc(100% + 15px);--gc2slpl:0 0 0 15px;--gc2srpf:0 15px 0 0;--gc50:1/-1;--gc48a:1/-1;--gc48b:1/-1;--gc84a:1/-1;--gc84b:1/-1;--gc39a:1/-1;--gc39b:1/-1;--gc93a:1/-1;--gc93b:1/-1;--gc615a:1/-1;--gc615b:1/-1;--gc516a:1/-1;--gc516b:1/-1;--bgp:18px}}@media print{:root{--gc1:1fr;--gc2:1fr 1fr;--gc3:1fr 1fr 1fr;--gc3h:1/4;--gc4:1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr;--gc5:1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr;--gcw50:100%;--gc2sw:var(--gbes);--gc2slpl:0 0 0 105px;--gc2srpf:0 105px 0 0}}
The biggest brands and the most nimble startups issue recalls with startling regularity. Nobody is safe, it seems.
Mold tends to show up when manufacturers expect it least. When it does show up, it’s tough to scrub it off of a brand, if not a product. With all the innovative food science and modern packaging in the industry, why does mold keep showing up in packaged goods? Shouldn’t we have a simple solution by now?
The simple answer: Yes. There are solutions. But before manufacturers can apply them effectively, they’ll need to understand what they’re up against.
Mold reproduces by releasing microscopic spores into the air. These spores are like tiny bunkers that protect the mold until environmental conditions are ideal for growth.
Spores – and other microorganisms – are everywhere. The air we breathe, the things we touch, even in the packaged foods we eat – usually in small enough amounts that they won’t matter. But given the right environment, a single mold spore develops into a mat of unappealing fur – often in a day or less.
Food scientists have developed several methods to keep microbes from growing, but without the right knowledge, it can be difficult to find the right method for the product.
Predicting microbial growth can get overwhelming quickly.
Consider the variables: packaging materials, nitrogen flushes, water activity levels, water content levels, manufacturing methods, killsteps, hurdles, and plenty more. Compound that with the misconceptions about what measurements and indicators are most important.
To anyone without a food science degree or decades in the business, it can be easy to drown in the overlapping variables. Even with a sound understanding, some products are more susceptible than others. It’s no surprise that even the most well-known brands get blindsided by food issues with surprising regularity.
There are a few surefire ways to predict microbial growth, but depending on product and facility, it could still require a combination of several factors to be sure.
Fortunately, most molds aren’t harmful. Even to people with mold allergies, consuming it isn’t likely to be fatal, just irritating.
Unfortunately, consumers don’t know that, don’t care, or both. They’re more concerned with mold’s taste and appearance – they expected a satisfying snack, but opened an inedible blob.
Even small issues can snowball. Whether they get coverage from mainstream media or on social media, the potential to devastate brand image is high. Not only do recalls and negative incidents damage the brand in question, they lift that brand’s competitors.1
The average cost of a food recall is $10 million – not including brand damage and lost sales. Unsurprising, then, that recalls have been called the food industry’s biggest threat to profitability.2
Even when a brand manages to survive, food safety incidents can continue to turn up on search engines – and turn customers off – for years to come.
The trend toward natural foods can make the battle against mold even tougher. Many consumers don’t understand that ingredients they haven’t heard of aren’t always harmful – they often improve the product’s quality and shelf life. When consumers demand that those ingredients go, food can become vulnerable.
Cold-pressed bars are a recent example – to align with customer desires, companies quickly formulated preservative-free, “clean label” products. But a clean label often comes with a shorter shelf life, and several companies faced issues with mold or unappealing textures.
Not all clean label products are at risk. With the right tools and know-how, formulating a natural product with an acceptable shelf life can be fairly simple.
But it is a step in the right direction. For a deep dive into solving taste, texture, and shelf life problems in snack foods, download The Food Manufacturer’s Complete Guide to Water Activity.
References:
1. The Impact of Food Safety Incidents Across Brands, Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics
2. Recall: The Food Industry’s Biggest Threat to Profitability, Food Safety Magazine
Lightning-fast total moisture analysis to tighten process control and boost quality. Combine moisture content and water activity in one device.
Make detailed moisture maps to predict, understand, and control moisture’s effects. High-resolution moisture sorption isotherms for shelf life prediction.